HIST 115 Final exam (UMUC)
1. Which of the following was an important reason for the fall of the Roman, Han, and Gupta empires?
(A) A long period of drought that destroyed crops and livestock
(B) The use of slaves in their armies
(C) Intensified invasions and security issues along their frontiers
(D) A refusal to tolerate Christianity
2. Before 500 CE Judaism and Hinduism were similar in that both
(A) had written scriptures and an ethical code to live by
(B) spread widely around the Mediterranean
(C) promoted teachings about reincarnation
(D) advocated a monastic life and a rejection of the world
3. Inca and Aztec societies were similar in that both
(A) developed from Mayan civilization
(B) acquired empires by means of military conquest
(C) independently developed iron technology
(D) depended entirely on oral record keeping
4. Which of the following factors represents the most significant cause of the growth of cities in Afro-Eurasia in the period 1000–1450?
(A) Climate change
(B) Increased interregional trade
(C) Decreased agricultural productivity
(D) Increased invasions
5. Which of the following changes best justifies the claim that the late 1400s mark the beginning of a new period in world history?
(A) The rise of the Aztec and Inca empires
(B) The economic recovery in Afro-Eurasia after the Black Death
(C) The incorporation of the Americas into a broader global network of exchange
(D) The emergence of new religious movements in various parts of the world
6. Which of the following factors best explains why the Portuguese did not engage in direct trading relations with West African states until the fifteenth century?
(A) Lack of the necessary navigational and maritime technology
(B) Lack of European interest in African goods
(C) Directives from the pope to limit trade between Christians and Africans
(D) Fear of death from tropical diseases
7. The photograph above of a mosque (first erected in the fourteenth century) in the modern-day West African country of Mali best exemplifies which of the following historical processes?
(A) Imposition of religion through military conquest
(B) Spread of religion along trade routes
(C) Abandonment of indigenous cultural styles in the face of colonization
(D) Conflict between local and universalizing religions
8. The Crusades launched by European Christians at the end of the eleventh century were motivated primarily by
(A) Italian city-states wanting to seize control of the spice trade from Southeast Asian and Chinese merchants
(B) the desire to demonstrate Europe’s new technological supremacy over Islam
(C) Western European fears that Byzantium and the Muslim kings would launch a military attack against Western Europe
(D) papal efforts to unite Western European rulers and nobles in support of the papacy
9. Which of the following is accurate regarding both West Africa and South America before 1000?
(A) Both areas depended on the trade in gold and salt.
(B) Most people were polytheists in both areas.
(C) The domestication of large animals provided the means of extensive agricultural production and transportation.
(D) Both areas depended on grains such as wheat and rye as major dietary components.
10. Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the political systems in western Europe and China during the time period 1000–1300?
(A) Western Europe developed multiple monarchies, while China maintained a single empire.
(B) Developments in the legal systems of China emphasized individual political rights, while western Europe concentrated on maritime law.
(C) Both societies began an aggressive policy of imperialism and territorial expansion.
(D) Both societies gradually adopted a representative democratic system.
11. Which of the following was a major reason for the rapid expansion of Islam during the seventh and the eighth centuries?
(A) The economic growth of the Mughal Empire
(B) The advanced military technology of the Islamic forces
(C) The political divisions within the Byzantine and other neighboring empires
(D) The discovery of moveable type, which made the Qu’ran widely available
12. Most agricultural laborers in the Ottoman Empire were
(A) slaves
(B) free peasants
(C) serfs
(D) sharecroppers
13. A significant example of the interaction among Indian, Arab, and European societies by 1200 CE was the transfer of knowledge of
(A) iron and copper mining techniques
(B) the flying shuttle and spinning jenny
(C) the science of optics and lens design
(D) numerals and the decimal system
14. Which of the following accurately reflects changes associated with the end of the classical era of world history (200 CE–600 CE)?
(A) Nomadic invasion brought down the Roman Empire but did not threaten either China or India.
(B) While both the Chinese and Roman empires developed new religious interests, India reasserted Hinduism.
(C) The spread of Islam by 500 CE challenged Chinese, Indian, and Mediterranean societies.
(D) In contrast to other crisis periods in world history, epidemic diseases played only a small role in disrupting major civilizations.
15. The prosperity of ancient Ghana (circa 800 CE) rested primarily on which of the following?
(A) Control of the gold and salt trades
(B) The trade in kola nuts to the northeast
(C) Use of the camel in long-distance trade
(D) The elites’ embrace of Islam
16. The photograph above of Angkor Wat in Cambodia is an example of
(A) the spread of Islam to Southeast Asia
(B) the wealth created by the spice trade
(C) Hindu influence in Southeast Asia
(D) the Chinese reconquest of Indochina
17. The map above shows what significant economic developments?
(A) Trade connections that linked the Hellenistic and Mauryan empires to African cities from 300 through 150 BCE.
(B) Trading networks that promoted the growth of new cities from 600 CE through 1450 CE.
(C) Chinese dominance of Indian Ocean trading networks because of the voyages of Zheng He in the 1400s CE.
(D) Changes in Indian Ocean trading networks that resulted from technological innovations from 1450 CE through 1750 CE.
18. Which of the following statements does NOT describe both Islam and Judaism?
(A) Both are monotheistic religions.
(B) Both revere Jesus as prophet.
(C) Both emphasize prayer, fasting and charity towards others of the community.
(D) Both forbid the making of idolatrous images.
19. Which of the following ingredients was the most important in the rise of civilizations after 10,000 BCE?
(A) Agriculture
(B) Metal tools
(C) Pyramid building
(D) Patriarchy
20. Which area was most affected by the Black Death pandemic of 1337-1352 CE?
(A) Western Europe
(B) Yuan Dynasty China
(C) Madagascar
(D) Ottoman Empire
Short Answer Questions/Fill-in-the-Blank Statements (please provide a three-to-six sentence answer or fill in the blank for the following [worth five (5) points each]).
1. Why was the horse so crucial to the development of civilizations after 2000 BCE?
2. What is one (1) distinguishing characteristic of post-classical civilizations (500-1200 CE)? What made this characteristic so crucial to post-classical civilizations in the Arab World, South Asia, China and Sub-Saharan Africa?
3.____________ was the new religion that came along and expanded throughout the world after 500 CE.
4. Harappa India, Egypt, China, Egypt/Phoenicia/Greece, The Maya and ________ were the only civilizations that historians know of in which a written language developed from scratch.
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